eLivermore.com - By Bill Nale

Bill's Baseball Basics
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First Base

1.1

You must turn to your right after overrunning First Base or you can be tagged out.

This is not a rule, and never has been.  You can turn either way, but if you make a motion towards 2nd base (after turning right or left), you are in jeopardy of being tagged out.  Looking to 2nd is not enough, but one step with intent can be.  It is an umpire's judgment.  Generally it is very obvious when it happens. Many people think that the rule states that you must always turn to the right, because they were always taught that.  The reason that they were taught that is because it is MUCH simpler for a coach to tell the players, especially the younger ones, to always turn to the right.  That helps prevent them from making a move toward 2nd, or even seeing the opportunity to do so.  They want younger players to listen to the first base coach when it comes to possibly going to second base. 
Umpires know the correct rule.  It is always part of umpire training.
Rule 7.08(i).  There is a video in the rulebook app specifically on this at the end of 7:08 (just before 7:09)

Batter's Box

Any portion of your foot out of the batter's box when you hit the ball causes you to be out.

Your ENTIRE foot must be touching the ground and be completely outside of the batter's box (no portion touching the batter's box line) for you to be called out.  You must also hit the ball.  Fair or foul does not matter.  A foot that is not touching the ground is not considered outside of the batter's box.
Most of the time when this violation does occur it is on a bunt.
Note that the plate umpire has great difficulty in seeing this as they are concentrating on the ball, and have limited vision of the feet being out of the batter's box due to their helmet.
Photographer's note:  I have seen several instances of a coach vehemently claiming the batter was out of the batter's box.  In ALL cases, my photos showed that the batter was in fact NOT out of the batter's box.  Generally not even close to being out.  Photos have the advantage of stop motion. (note: my photos cannot be used as evidence in a game, and I keep quite).
6.06(a)

If your foot is touching the plate when you hit the ball you are out.

The plate has nothing to do with it.  The batters box is only 4 or 6 inches (depending on division) from the batter's box, so it is certainly possible for the foot to be touching the plate at the same time it is also touching the batter's box line.  The only determining factor is whether either foot is on the ground and entirely out of the batter's box.
Video under 6:03.

The feet must be entirely within the batter's box when the pitch is thrown.

You can't crowd the plate.

This is a tough one.  6.03 states:  The batter's legal position shall be with both feet within the batter's box.  An "Approved Ruling" (right after the previous text) says:  A.R.  - The lines defining the box are within the batter's box.  To be considered out of the batter's box when hitting the ball a foot must be on the ground and COMPLETELY outside of the batter's box, not touching the lines.  Presumably the same definition applies to before the pitch is thrown.  But I have seen umpires at the Little League World Series (Williamsport) require the entire foot to be on or inside of the line and moving a player back.

Note that remaining in the batter's box between pitches (6.02) only requires 1 foot, but also seems to allow any portion of the foot touching the line to be legal (there is a very funny video on this where the kid must stretch to pick up his dropped bat while keeping the tip of his shoe on the chalk).
So in my opinion, a batter who has part of his foot on the plate, while a part of it is also touching the batter's box line is perfectly legal.  It will vary umpire to umpire.  Note that it is DEFINITELY legal after the pitch is thrown.
Update:  The LL Umpire Manual, released in spring 2026 indicates that both feet must be ENTIRELY within the batter's box.  This manual does NOT replace the rule book, however.  The Umpire Manual seems to imply that the ENTIRELY wording is in the rule book, but it is not in my copy.

Crowding the plate is not illegal.  Some players do wear elbow guards for the purpose (partially or primarily) of getting hit by the pitch.  But the umpire should be prepared to call a strike if the ball hits the batter but would have been a strike, or the batter does not attempt to get out of the way.
Photographers note:  I have seen umpires reluctant to call a strike or no attempt to get out of the way.
6.03

The tip of home plate is not a right angle.

It IS a right angle.  The myth was apparently started by Mr. Spock (who knew that they played baseball on Vulcan).  The theory goes something like this:  If you take the published dimensions for home plate: (17 inches wide, 8.5 inches along each side, and 12 inches from the sides to the back tip) and you do the math, the angle of the back tip is almost, but not quite 90 degrees.  Reality: it should be considered to be 90 degrees, and that the dimensions are very slightly rounded to the listed amounts.  Frankly, it is amazing that dimensions that only go down to the inch (the 8.5" number is irrelevant)  are able to get as close as it does.  It would look a bit silly to list the angled portion of the base as being 12.02082", now wouldn't it!!!  Excel formula:    =sqrt(17^2/2)   The 17 inch width is the primary dimension.  The 12 inches portion is a derived dimension, so it is the rounded one.  Imagine asking a manufacturer to make a base where one of the dimensions is 12.02082".  They would charge $100,000 due to the implied accuracy requirement.

Some extrapolate that the first and third base lines are also not at right angles because of the home plate rounding error.  If you read the instructions on how to lay out a field, you will find that the base lines are in fact at right angles.  Those instructions are in the Little League Rule book, by the way.

When viewed from the air with a base line at the bottom, the 4 bases form a perfect square.

Second base is actually out of place.  On a 90 foot field, it is 90 feet from the back tip of home plate to the far side of the 1st and 3rd bases.  However, it is 90 feet from foul line at the back corner of first or third base to the MIDDLE of second base (see diagram below).  So the base is offset toward center field.  This can generally not be noticed as 10.61" (15" base) is not much compared to 60, 70, or 90 feet between bases.
This second base definition applies to all forms of baseball and softball, including MLB.

Hit by Pitch

If you are hit by pitch while swinging, you still go to first base.

The ball is dead and a strike is called.  If the 3rd strike, the batter is out.  Runners may not advance.
6.05(e)
6.08(b)

If you are hit by pitch that would have been called a strike, you still go to first base.

The ball is dead and a strike is called.  If the 3rd strike, the batter is out.  Runners may not advance.
6.08(b)

If you are hit by the pitch after making no attempt to get out of the way, you still go to first base.

The ball is dead.  Umpire calls a ball or strike based on the position of the ball.  It is the umpire's judgment as to whether the batter made a legitimate attempt to get out of the way.
6.08(b)
Photographer's note:  I have seen this called.  I have seen many instances of when I felt it should have been called.

The hands are part of the bat.

The hands are NOT part of the bat.  A pitch hitting the batter's hands, even if they are around the bat, is a hit by pitch, assuming the other requirements (not a strike, etc) are met.
6.08(b) and video in that section.

If the batter is hit by the pitch which bounced off of the ground before hitting them, they do not go to first base

They ARE awarded first base, assuming they made a reasonable attempt to get out of the way and did not swing.
6.08(b) and video in that section.  Note that the video is not done very well, since the batter made absolutely no attempt to get out of the way, and watched the ball hit them.

Home Runs

A ball that hits a fielder's glove when in fair territory, then goes over the fence without hitting the ground is a ground rule double.

It is a home run if the ball goes over the fence in fair territory.  Famous case in MLB.  In 1993 a ball bounces off of Jose Canseco's head and goes over the fence.  It was a home run.
Note that if the ball goes over the fence in foul territory after hitting the glove, etc. in fair territory (making it a fair ball) the batter is awarded 2nd base.
6:09(h).

A ball that bounces off the top of the fence and is caught by an outfielder is an out.

It is not an out.  It is a live ball and is in play.
6:09(h).
Photographer's note:  I have seen this happen.  Fielder was confused for a bit, not sure what it was after he caught it.  One coach thought it was an out, but then thought better of it.

On a home run over the fence, you don't have to run / touch the bases.

You must run the bases, and touch each base.  If you do not, it is an appeal play.  The appeal would take place after the ball is put back in play by the umpire.  If it was a walkoff home run, the defensive team must inform the umpire that they will appeal the play before he/she leaves the field.  Timing can be tricky here.
6.09(d)

Fair and Foul Balls

Once a batted ball touches foul territory, it is a foul ball.

If the ball hits or goes into foul territory, then bounces or rolls into fair territory before 1st or 3rd base, then is touched by a fielder, it is a fair ball.
A ball that hits the ground before 1st or 3rd base becomes fair or foul when:  A fielder first touches it, or when it passes 1st or 3rd base, or when it stops rolling and is stationary on the ground.  Which ever comes first.  It is fair or foul based on the position of the ball when the first action listed occurs.  A ball that hits 1st or 3rd base is fair.
A ball that does not hit the ground before going beyond 1st or 3rd base is to be determined to be fair or foul when it first hits the ground or is first touched by a fielder.  It is the ball's position at that time.
Note, there was an MLB play where the ball came off the bat hard, hitting at about 5 feet foul, then bouncing way in the air over the fielder's head who was trying to get to it.  It was not touched and came down in fair territory and stopped.  It was a fair ball.  Lots of comments on social media claimed it should have been foul.  It was fair.
For a ball to be considered to be in foul territory, the entire ball must be outside of the "foul" line.  The foul line is in fair territory.  See diagram below.
2.00 (Fair Ball Definition)

The plate is in foul territory.

The entire plate, as well as all bases are entirely in fair territory.  The only exception is the orange portion of the double first base, which is entirely in foul territory.
2.00 (Fair Territory Definition)

The foul line is in foul territory.

The entire width of the foul line is in FAIR territory.  100% of the ball must be on the outside of the foul line to be a foul ball.  Any portion being over the any portion of the foul line (at the time that fair/foul is determined)  makes it a fair ball.  See diagram below.
Note that soccer and tennis have the same definition of the entire ball must be outside the entire width of the line to be "out".  They also are based on the position of the ball and not the player, with an exception in soccer for a legal throw-in.
Football and Basketball are the opposite:  Any part of the ball touching any part of the line is out of bounds. The "line" is often quite wide in those sports as the width is irrelevant, and stepping on the line is out.
2.00 (Fair Territory Definition)

The foul pole is in foul territory.

The entire foul pole is in FAIR territory.  If the ball even just touches or goes over the outside edge of the foul pole, it is fair.  Any horizontal extensions of the pole (like a corrugated screen) are put on the fair side of the pole.

A fielder touching a ball while standing in foul territory makes the ball foul

It is the position of ball, NOT the feet of the fielder that determines fair of foul.
2.00 (Fair Ball Definition)

If one umpire signals a foul ball while another signals a fair ball, it is the umpire who officially has that call that will take precedence.

Any umpire calling a foul ball, or calling Time kills the play.  Even if it is done incorrectly.  It is often stated that "You can't un-ring a bell".
When players see an umpire call foul or call time, they are supposed to stop.
There have been cases where it is called fair, however.  This is when the umpire(s) determine that had the ball been called fair it would have had a specific outcome.  I.E. the fielder could not have gotten the batter-runner out at first.
Yes, it has happened where play was continued and an important game lost because of it in a Little League Regional.  The runner scored from first base after the defense relaxed.  It should not have happened.  The replay did not change the call, but they only had the authority to rule fair/foul (which they decided could not be determined either way), not to rule anything on the fact that one umpire called foul, killing the play, or that the base runner would not have gotten home had the defense not relaxed because of foul call. 
Appears to be a case of Diluted Responsibility.  "Let replay decide that", but replay lacks the authority.

Appeals

6.1

An appeal play can be done at any time.

The ball must be live for the appeal to be made.  On a home run over the fence, or if time as been called, the appeal must be done after the ball is put back in play, but before any pitch or play is attempted.  The "Play attempted" can get tricky.
Note that an "appeal" of out of order batting will occur when the ball is dead, as the manager would come out of the dugout for that appeal.
2.00 (Appeal)
7:10

On a sacrifice fly, if a different runner left early and is out on appeal which results in the 3rd out, the run does not count because it is a force out.

It is not considered a force out.  It is considered a "time" play (I hate that term.  Should be a "timing" play, but I digress).  If the run scored before the other runner is out on appeal, the run counts. 
THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST MISUNDERSOOD RULES.  Umpires miss this one.  I've seen a game end on this when it should not have (it was an exhibition game, so no big deal).
7.10 (although I cannot find that it directly addresses this).
2.00 Appeal Play and 2.00 Force Out.  A video in the LL Rulebook app explains this.  The video appears both at the Appeal Play and the Force Out definitions.

If the runner that scored also left early, the defense must appeal that runner to prevent the run from scoring, even if there were already 3 outs.  This is the famous "Apparent 4th out" case.  That last out "replaces" one of the previous outs.  I did see this occur once in a local Little League game.

Nothing more can happen after the 3rd out.

Appeal plays can happen, which could nullify a run.  This might result in the "Apparent 4th out".
7:10 Note 1, after (d).

With a double first base, upon returning to the base after overrunning, the batter-runner must not touch the orange base at all or they can be tagged.

After the batter-runner overruns first base, consider that the orange base has magically disappeared.  Touching it or stepping on it is the same a stepping on dirt.  It does not constitute returning to first base.  That does not happen until they touch the white base.  Sooo...
Batter-runner returning and stepping on the orange portion first, then getting to the to the white portion is the same as them stepping on dirt near first base then touching the white base.  They cannot be tagged out (note 1),
Returning and stepping the white portion, then standing on only the orange portion is the same as retagging the base and then stepping off.  They can be tagged out.
Returning to the orange portion and lingering there for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, or longer:  This is the same as returning near the base (but not touching it) and standing there right next to the base for that long.  At SOME point the umpire might consider that they have violated the rule of "immediately returning to the base"  (that IS a rule), but umpires are not very aggressive on calling that rule.  I have never seen it called, and it would need a tag.  If the batter-runner returned to the orange bag thinking to have properly returned and remained there a while, not being blocked, the "immediately returning to the base" might be called on a tag.  The exact timing for that would vary by umpire, and the exact conditions.
Returning to the orange portion, staying there even when the next pitch is thrown (throw gets to the plate in baseball):  Baseball (majors and below):  Same as leaving the bag early.  Softball (all levels): Same as leaving the bag early:  runner is OUT in softball.
Batter-runners should be taught to return to the white portion and consider the orange portion to not be there.

There is an often replayed video of a LLSB Regional in which it appears that a player is called out for returning to the orange base, or possibly staying on that base for too long (although she was physically blocked from returning to the white bag by the first baseman).  All sorts of theories were thrown out on social media.  In reality, she was called out because she missed the orange base when overrunning it initially, and tagged when returning.  The umpire initially called her safe, as he should.  The first baseman was alerted by a teammate to the possibility of her missing the orange portion, then blocked the white portion with possession of the ball (legally) and tagged her.  The umpire called her out on the appeal.  All of that returning to the wrong base or staying too long was a red herring.

Note 1:  If they had missed the orange base on the first touch, or had made a move toward 2nd base, they CAN be tagged out before or after touching the orange base, as the orange portion is now the same as stepping on dirt.
See below for a more detailed description of the Double First Base
7.15

On a sacrifice fly, the runner cannot leave the base until the ball is caught.

The runner can leave the base as soon as any fielder touches the ball.  The vast majority of the time the first touch is also the catch.
Example:  1 out.  Runner on 3rd.  Batter hits a line drive up the middle that hits the pitcher's glove and bounces off high in the air.  Runner tags and runs home.  Shortstop catches the ball, with it having never touched the ground.  Shortstop throws to 3rd base for the appeal that the runner left early.  Result: The BATTER is out when the shortstop catches the ball.  The run scores, since he/she tagged up after the pitcher touched the ball.  (Note if there had been 2 outs the run would not have scored, even if he got to the plate before the SS caught the ball).
Same thing is more likely to happen in the outfield (ball bounces off of one fielder's glove and caught by another).
Reason for this rule:  This prevents the outfielder from purposely bobbling the ball while running toward the plate to prevent the runner from scoring.  Believe me, if it was the winning run on 3rd, they would try it if not for this rule.  The rule prevents things from getting too silly.
2.00 Catch.  Very end of the long paragraph.

Either the defense or the offense can request the plate umpire to ask the base umpire whether the batter swung or not.

Only the defense is permitted to request this.  If the plate umpire calls a strike, there can be no appeal to base umpires.

When the plate umpire asks the base umpire whether the batter swung, he is asking for his opinion on the matter.

The plate umpire is actually GIVING the call to the base umpire.  The base umpire then makes the call..  This link has an explanation.  That link also lists that in Little League the plate umpire is not required to ask the base umpire if the defense requests it.

Walkoff Situations

In the bottom of the last (or extra) inning, on a base hit that scores the winning run, any run that successfully scores on the play counts.

Once the winning run scores additional runs that come across the plate do not count.  If a hit, the batter should be given credit for the single if the runner from 3rd scored the winning run, double if the runner from 2nd scored the winning run, etc.  This would be subject to change if errors were involved.
The exception is on an over the fence home run, where all runs that successfully score DO count.

Rational:  On a walk-off situation it is NOT desirable to have the winning team keep running around the bases to run up the score.  The fielders will stop after the winning run scores.  You should not expect them to try to get runners out.  The situation could cause fights to break out.
However, on an over the fence home run, there is nothing the fielders can do.  It is expected that the batter will run the bases, and the batter should get credit for the home run.

Note that all of this is true for all "walk-off" situations, including 10 run rules, and generally in lower divisions where there is a run limit within innings.
Photographer's note:  This myth is a common mistake that I have had to often correct.  I had to do it once in the LLIWS to get a proper photo of the scoreboard, and have seen it incorrect on a score on the LL website (I think it was in a Regional game)

If there is a hit or fly ball which scores the winning run (walk-off situation) but this run will be appealed (runner left early on sac fly, missed 3rd base, etc), nothing more can happen during the play such as another run legally scoring (which becomes the winning run if the earlier one is out on appeal), or defense tagging additional (possibility celebrating) runners out such that after the appeal and the game continues, those outs count.

There is no known answer to this question.  Nothing in the rule book covers it.  Asking this question in a room full of umpires will cause a fist fight to break out!!
I DID ask this question online in an umpire forum, and an online fist fight broke out.  I have the scars to prove it.  I think they banned me from the forum after that for asking such a question.

One umpire stated that after the winning run comes across the plate the game is over and nothing else can happen (He would, however, be required to entertain the appeal).
Another stated that everything continues.  An additional runner coming across the plate could count if the original winning run was out on appeal (assuming that was not the 3rd out) and any runner tagged, even if the defense tags everyone celebrating on the field as they do not remember who the runners actually were.
Photographer's note.  I have never seen anything like this, but it is not a once in a lifetime case either.  I don't think I've ever seen an appeal after a walkoff, but I'm sure it happens.

My opinion of what should be done:
Additional runners scoring:  If the winning run is called out on appeal, and in the umpire's opinion the following runner would have scored on the play had the fielders not relaxed, than that run would replace the run that was out on appeal.  Example: Batter hits the ball off of the fence.  Runner on 2nd scores, missing 3rd base.  Runner on 1st also scores shortly after.  Runner from 2nd called out on appeal.  Umpires determine that the runner on 1st base would have scored anyway based on the hit.  Run counts.  Issue with this is that the fielders may have initially been playing in somewhat, however, that is their choice (it is not a result of them relaxing after knowing that the winning run would come across).
Additional runners tagged out.  If they are tagged because they are now off base due to the winning run scoring, they would not be out after the appeal.  If they were tagged as a natural part of the play, they could be out, but why would the defense do this while the winning run is scoring? (I have seen it done by fielders not knowing the situation)  If the appeal was leaving early on a sac fly and the other runner ALSO left early, that appeal could be entertained also.  Remember:  if the runner on 2nd leaves early and the defense sees it and throws to 2nd before the runner from third scores, that out would definitely count.
This prevents runners from continuing to run the bases well after the winning run scores (I.E. batter comes all the way around) and prevents tags of celebrating players.  Neither of these typically occur now, but if they were counted in a high profile game, they would start doing it (batter coming all the way around, fielders tagging celebrating players) all of the time.
Bottom line:  Umpires puts things to where they would have been if EVERYONE (except for that runner himself/herself) fully knew the winning run will be out on appeal to the best of their ability.  I.E. if the  following runner would have easily scored, and neither the fielders nor the runners would have relaxed.

Obstruction / Interference

It is not obstruction if the fielder is pulled into the path of the base runner to attempt to catch the throw.

In Little League, it is still obstruction.  In some other organizations it is not.
Personally, I don't think it should be allowed at any level, as it encourages the fielders to throw the ball into the base path and promotes collisions.
MLB has been slowly moving towards making "fielding a ball" still obstruction in recent years, but does still allow the exception in some cases.

There must be contact for obstruction to be called

No contact is necessary.  Obstruction is defined as "Obstruction is the act of a fielder who, while not in possession of the ball, impedes the progress of any runner.  A fake tag is considered obstruction"
Obstruction does not have to be intentional to be called.
Examples of non-contact Obstruction:
   Fielder standing in the base path causing a runner to change course or slow down.
   Fielder standing a foot or so behind first base preventing the batter-runner from overrunning the base at full speed.  I.E. causing then to slow down, slide (feet first in Majors or below), unduly veer off after hitting the bag, etc.
   Blocking a base without possession of the ball, impeding the runner's ability to get to that base.
   Catcher blocking the plate or the base runner's path without possession of the ball causing them slide early, go around them, slow down, etc.
2.00 Obstruction

There must be contact for interference to be called.

No contact is necessary.  Offensive Interference is defined as: "an act by a member of the team at bat which interferes with, obstructs, impedes, hinders, or confuses any fielder attempting to make a play".
Interference does not have to be intentional to be called, although some specific cases where interference would NOT be called will be called if intentional (Batter-runner in the running lane).
Examples of non-contact Offensive Interference:
   Jumping over a batted ball in close proximity of a fielder attempting to field the ball if it significantly distracts the fielder or significantly blocks his/her view of the ball.
   Waving hands or yelling at a fielder in a way that distracts them from fielding a batted ball.
   Running very near to a fielder attempting to catch a pop-up.
2.00 Interference

If the base runner is hit by a batted ball they are always out.

In MOST real world cases, they will be called out.
However, if the ball has passed or touched an infielder (other than the pitcher), with no other infielders reasonably able to make a play on it, accidentally being hit by the ball is of no consequence.  Wording in the rule book 7:09(k) could be interpreted as the runner must be immediately back of the infielder (and therefore had his view of the ball blocked) to avoid interference.  This wording does NOT appear in 7:08(f).
This can happen (ball has gone by infielders) if the infielders are playing in to potentially make a play at the plate on a ground ball.
7.08(f) (applies to runner only)   and 7:09(k) (applies to batter or runner).
6:09(c) (batter becomes runner)

The plate is the only base that a fielder can block.

Any base can be blocked by a fielder who has possession of the ball.  No base (including the plate) can be blocked by a fielder who does NOT have possession on the ball.

Other

If you run more than 3 feet outside of a line directly between bases you are out for being out of the baseline.

As a famous umpire once said:  "The runner can go the outfield fence if he/she wants if there is no play being made on him/her".  Being out of the baseline only occurs if there is a play being made on the runner.  When that tag attempt begins, the "base line" becomes a straight line from the current location of the base runner to the next base, or to the previous base if he/she attempts to return to it.  At that point they can not go outside of the imaginary line by 3 feet.  In the umpire's judgment it is often considered to be "a step and a reach" for the fielder.
7.08a

In Majors and below, the runner may not do a head first slide at any time.

In Majors and below, a head first slide is not permitted when advancing to a base, but is allowed with going back to a base.
However, some allowances are given when advancing.  If a runner trips and falls, that is not considered a head first slide.  Also, if the runner stops (or likely nearly stops) then lunges head first to the base it is not considered a head first slide.
The reason for disallowing a head first slide is safety.  Coming into a base a full speed can be a source of injury.
Going back to a base USUALLY does not occur a full running speed (although it can in some cases).
Stopping, then lunging is a slow speed act.  It famously occurred in a LLWS NorthWestern Regional in a play that was shown many times and made the base runner rather famous, including being mentioned by name by the announcers as the Championship game broadcast concluded (his team was NOT in the Championship game).
Note that for Intermediate (50/70) and older, head first slides are always allowed.
7.08 (a)(4)

It is a catch if the fielder holds the ball for 3 seconds

How long the ball is held does not determine whether the catch is completed.  The fielder must show voluntary release of the ball.  I.E. attempting to take the ball out of their glove.  An umpire may also consider the fielder regaining their balance / momentum after catching the ball as finishing the catch.
Example:  Center fielder catches the ball, falls to the ground immediately after doing so and the ball comes out. No catch.
Example:  Center fielder catches ball, starts to pull it out of his glove to throw back in, and drops the ball:  It IS a catch.
Example:  Center fielder catches ball for 3rd out.  He trots back toward the dugout.  Somewhere near 3rd base while high fiveing a friend the ball falls out of his glove.  Umpires will pretty much always call that a catch.  They most likely won't even be watching anymore.  The regaining balance / momentum would come in here.
2,00 (Catch)

The ball is dead on a foul tip, no runners may steal or be thrown out.

A "foul tip" is when the ball comes off the bat sharply and immediately is caught by the catcher.  A foul tip can occur with any count on the batter.  The ball is live.
If the catcher does not catch it, it is NOT a "foul tip", but a "foul ball", and the ball is dead.
The foul tip differs from a foul ball in two important ways:
  If there are already two strikes on the batter, he/she is out.
  The ball is live, and runners may steal, be put out, etc.  Even if it is not the 3rd strike.
As far as the rules go, the caught foul tip is exactly the same as a swing and a miss.  The umpire signals it differently, however.
2.00 (Foul Tip).  See video.

On a bunt attempt, if the batter does pull the bat back, it is a strike.

The batter does not have to pull back the bat.  If the pitch is not in the strike zone, it will only be called a strike if the batter offers at it.  I.E. moves the bat towards it.  If the batter holds the bat over the plate, and does not move it, it is not counted as "swinging".  This is a judgment call by the plate umpire.
2.00 (Bunt)

Tie goes to the runner

One of my least favorite rules. Ambiguity abounds.  In the end it does not matter.  The umpire calls what they call.
6.05(i) states that the batter-runner is out when tagged or first base is tagged BEFORE said batter runner touches first base.  (supports ties goes to the runner)
7.08(c) states that a runner is out when tagged, when the ball is alive, while OFF a base.  (supports ties goes to the runner)
7.08(d) states failing to retouch the base after a fair or foul ball is legally caught BEFORE that runner, or the base is tagged by a fielder.   (supports ties goes to the FIELDER)
7.08(e) states a runner is out for failing to reach the next base BEFORE a fielder tags said runner or the base.  (supports ties goes to the FIELDER)
The video immediately following 6:05(i) says that the batter-runner must beat the throw (contradicting the actual rule wording in 6:05(i) and 7.08(c)
It is clear to me that the wording of the rules simply does not take into account the case of a tie.  The word "before" is used both for the fielder and the runner, so it depended on how they constructed the sentence.
Umpires will generally tell you that they are taught: "There is no such thing as a tie".
In my thought process, if the runner is on base, they cannot be tagged out.  If your curfew is 8:00pm, and you are in the house at 8:00pm, you are OK.  Tie goes to the kid!
Repeating the above:  In the end it does not matter.  The umpire will call what they call, and they generally consider that there is no such thing as a tie.

If the base dislodges when a base runner makes contact, they must remain in contact with either the base itself, or the area where the base was.

This is an unusual situation, but I have seen it happen.
7:08(c) AR2 states:  "If the impact of a runner breaks a base loose from its position, no play can be made on that runner at that base if the runner had reached the base safely".
A play in the LLIWS:  runner from first stealing 2nd.  Does head first slide to the center field side of the base to avoid the tag and reaches out and grabs the base, pulling it off.  He continues to slide and looses his grip on the base, sliding at least 6 inches beyond the dislodged base.  Shortstop tags him while off base.  Call was safe.  After an umpire huddle, the safe call stood.  One umpire told me later that "he had no place to go back to".  I had thought it was an incorrect call.  I was alerted to 7:08(c) AR2 at a much later time.
For FOLLOWING runners on the same play, they may touch either the dislodged bag, or the place where the bag originally was. (AR3).
7:08(c) AR2 and AR3.

Case

Result

1

Batter-runner hits the orange portion of the base when running through.  First baseman uses white portion of the base to make the play.  Batter-runner is safe at first (beating the throw), and overruns the bag, then returns to the white portion.

Batter Safe.  Everyone did exactly the right thing.

2

The batter-runner is out at first, as the throw beats the batter-runner to the base with the first baseman's foot on the white base.

Just a normal "force out" (see Note 2) at first regardless of which base the batter-runner hits.  Umpire calls out, as they would do with no double first base.  The batter-runner hitting the wrong base is of no consequence as they are already out.  See #15 below.

3

Batter runner hits only the white portion of the base when running through when a play is being made at first base.  He/she is tagged before returning to the white portion.

Batter-runner is out.  A play must have been being made at the time of the initial touch.  I.E. the ball thrown to the first baseman or if the first-baseman fielded the batted ball, they attempt to tag the base or the batter-runner.  This is the same as missing first base.  Returning to the orange base does not qualify as returning, and is the same thing as stepping on dirt.  The umpire will initially call him/her safe, as it is an appeal play.  When the tag is made they will call the out. This is by far the most common "double first base" out (not counting the standard "force" out (See Note 2).

4

Same as above, but batter-runner returns to the white portion before being tagged.

Safe.  They must be tagged before returning to the white portion.  Touching the orange portion in the process of returning is meaningless.

5

Same as #1, but batter-runner, when returning to the base steps on the orange base first and continues onto the white portion.  He/she is tagged between touching the orange base and touching the white base.  After then touching the white base he/she remains on the white base.

Batter-runner is Safe.  Stepping on the orange bag first is of no consequence.  It does NOT count as being on base, but it also does NOT count as having returned to first base yet.  It is like the orange base is not there and the batter-runner just touches dirt.  Stepping on dirt before returning to the white base and being tagged is not an out.  The batter-runner pretty much has to step on dirt in the process of returning.

6

Same as #5, except after touching the orange, then returning to the white bag, the batter-runner is standing only on the orange portion and is tagged.

Batter-runner is out.  This is returning to the base (when stepping on the white portion) then stepping back off of the base.  They can be tagged out.

7

Same as #1, but batter-runner, when returning to the base steps on the orange base first but lingers there for a while.

This becomes umpire judgment.  There is a rule that the batter-runner must return immediately to the base after overrunning or oversliding (7.10 (c)).  So this is the same as the batter-runner properly overrunning, then coming back and standing on dirt near the base.  If they linger very long and are not physically impeded from getting to the white portion of the base, they are in jeopardy of being tagged out.  How long they have to linger before being in jeopardy may vary from umpire to umpire.  Probably more than several seconds of lingering there.  The reason for the double first base is safety, not to find new ways to get someone out.

8

Same as #1, but batter-runner's foot touches both the white and orange portion of the base when running through.

Safe.  Touching the white portion at the same time as the orange portion is of no consequence.  It is the same as touching the orange portion and dirt at the same time.

9

Batter-runner hits only the white portion of the base when running through when no play is being made on them.

If no play is being made on the runner they may use either the white or orange base for their first touch.  This could be a ball hit to the outfield (and no play being able to be made), ball hit to the infield but not thrown to first (fielder's choice, etc), error on infielder resulting in no throw to first, or a walk/hit by pitch.  If they over-run the base and are tagged before properly returning, they are safe.

10

Batter-runner hits only the white portion of the base when running through on a ball hit to the right fielder.  The right fielder throws the ball to first in an attempt to get the batter-runner out before they reach first base.  The batter-runner beats the throw, but is tagged before returning.

Batter-runner is out.  Even though the ball went to the outfield, the right fielder was attempting to make the play at first, so this counts as a play being made on the batter-runner.
Note that it is not just the RIGHT fielder.  I have seen the center fielder throw someone out at first base.

11

Batter-runner hits the orange portion of the base when running through.  First baseman touches only the orange portion of the base and the throw beats the runner.

Runner is safe.  The first baseman must be touching the white portion.  This is the first baseman missing the bag.  The exception is on an uncaught 3rd strike.

12

Batter-runner hits the orange portion of the base when running through.  First baseman touches both the white and orange portion of the base and the throw beats the runner.

Batter-runner is out, unless the fielder obstructs the runner.  Example of obstruction:  Fielder has one foot on the white base, the other foot fully on the orange base and is blocking the ability of the batter-runner to run through the base without slowing down, or unduly veering off.

13

Uncaught third strike.

The batter-runner and the fielder may use either portion of the base (batter-runner on the first touch only - must return to white to be on base).  If the throw is coming from the foul side of of the base, the runner can run in fair territory (out of the normal Running Lane) and would not be called for interference if the thrown ball hits him/her, unless they intentionally interfere.  This is interesting, in that the batter-runner would often not know where the ball was thrown from.

14

Batter-runner sliding head or feet first into only the white portion, maintaining contact, and being tagged.  A play was being made at first base.

Hmmm.  A bit tricky.  First touch was on the wrong bag, but they have already "returned" to the white bag???  It is not actually an overrun or overslide case, however, so they may not be able to leave the base without jeopardy of being tagged.  I have seen this happen in the LLIWS, but the batter-runner was already out as the throw beat him to the base.

The batter-runner is called out at first, as the throw beats the batter-runner to the base with the first baseman's foot on the white base.  Batter-runner hits only the white base.  First baseman tags him/her.  Video review (World Series, etc.) determines that the first baseman had their foot off of the bag on the initial play.

Now I'm getting a bit obscure, but it can happen.  I would assume here that the batter-runner would be out for missing the bag and being tagged.
This example shows the importance of the batter-runner always hitting the correct base even if they think they are already out.
This case could also happen if the base umpire is in the B or C position and asks the plate umpire for assistance on whether the fielder's foot was pulled early.